Bottom Ash
The non-combustible residue remaining after waste incineration, often processed for metals recovery and reuse as aggregate.
Bottom ash constitutes about 20-25% of the original waste weight after combustion. It is processed through screens and magnets to recover ferrous and non-ferrous metals (a significant revenue source), then used as construction aggregate, landfill daily cover, or road base material. Advanced processing can produce certified aggregate products, diverting ash from landfills and creating a circular economy for WTE residuals.